Political Role Differentiation: Full Time Specialists
1 = Highly Differentiated
4 = Same life style
7 = None exist

Local community Leadership Selection: Basis
1 = Kinship constrained
2 = Kinship Broad Choicd
3 = Non-Hereditary
4 = Informal

Perceptions of Political Leaders' Power
1 = Very powerful
2 = Somewhat Powerful
3 = Limited

Checks on Leader's Power
1 = Few
2 = Checks exist
3 = Leaders secure support
4 = No leaders act independently

Removal of Leaders who are incompetent or disliked
1 = No way other than rebellion or popular uprisings
2 = Institutionalized means invoked occasionally, by elites
3 = Not removed in formal manner, lose influence & are ignored
4 = No formal leadership, loss of power when support diminishes

Leaders Exercise of Authority
1 = Frequently act independently & make authoritative decisions
2 = Make relatively few decisions on own w/o consultation
3 = Ude persuasion to help organized & structure group action

Decision Making Bodies
1 = Individual(s), w/advice of dew advisors
2 = Individual(s), w/ elite council
3 = Individual(s), w/board based council
4 = Broad base community council
5 = Few explicit decisions, some made by community at large

Extensiveness of adult participation in community decisions
1 = Widespread: decision making forums open to all adults
2 = High or some: excluded basis on gender, age, or kinship
3 = Moderate:some consultation present, low input from community
4 = Lowor non-existent: Leaders make most decisions

Litigation: use of third parties for binding decisions
1 = Frequent involvement in litigation by society members
2 = Occasional involvement
3 = Rare or non-involvement

Internal Warfare
1 = Frequent, yearly
2 = Common
3 = Occasional
4 = Rare or never

formal sanctions and enforcement for community decisions
1 = Great power available
2 = some
3 = Little or none

Enforcement specialists (police, tax collectors)
1 = Present
2 = done by leaders
3 = Absent

Taxation paid to community
1 = Regular Taxes
2 = Only in special cases, modest
3 = None

Leishmanias
1 = Absent or not recorded
2 = Present, no indication of severity
3 = Present and serious, widespread

Total Pathogen Stress (from Low)
7 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 7
8 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 8
9 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 9
10 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 10
11 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 11
12 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 12
13 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 13
14 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 14
15 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 15
16 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 16
17 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 17
18 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 18
19 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 19
20 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 20
21 = Sum of variables 1253-1259 is 21

Ordinary Nutional Conditions and Endemic Starvation
1 = Very Low
2 = Low
3 = High
4 = Very High

Temporal Control Codes for Seasonal Starvation
0 = Post-dates ethnographic present
1 = Remote:more than 20 years prior to the focus date
2 = Proximate:no more than 20 years prior to the focus date

Temporal Control Codes for the Occurence of Famine
0 = Post-dates ethnographic present
1 = Very Remote:more than 200 years prior to the focus date
2 = Remote:between 100 and 200 years prior to focus date
3 = Proximate:between 20 and 100 years prior to focus date
4 = Very Proximate: within 20 years of focus date